WEBVTT 00:00.660 --> 00:06.500 As to the origin of this earth, when and how the world began to evolve itself, we are 00:06.500 --> 00:11.580 told that in the beginning there was gas, or a nebulous cloud, according to scientists 00:11.580 --> 00:12.860 and evolutionists. 00:13.520 --> 00:18.500 This is a rather difficult subject to deal with, because there was scientifically no 00:18.500 --> 00:21.660 beginning, just an eternal evolution of substance. 00:22.480 --> 00:25.720 Anyway, there was a time when this nebulous cloud arose. 00:26.160 --> 00:31.460 Never mind where it came from, for no scientist has yet ever attempted an explanation on this point. 00:32.000 --> 00:38.420 Although its existence requires some accounting for, considering it was inorganic matter, and 00:38.420 --> 00:41.080 it possessed the powers of feeling and inclination. 00:41.620 --> 00:45.640 According to Laplace, the particles forming the cloud were very hot. 00:46.260 --> 00:50.920 He was not there to see, but I only mention this because some scientists, like Herbert 00:50.920 --> 00:54.280 Spencer, state that the embryo universe was cold. 00:54.840 --> 01:01.060 Anyway, hot or cold, the particles by universal suffrage, or by some other method unknown to 01:01.060 --> 01:04.800 scientists, took upon themselves to form the solar system. 01:05.420 --> 01:11.240 Therefore, it was necessary that this diffused fire mist should condense a little, and move 01:11.240 --> 01:15.220 its particles a little closer together, according to Newtonian laws. 01:16.060 --> 01:20.480 There is a difference of opinion among the man of science concerning the origin and 01:20.480 --> 01:21.560 destiny of this earth. 01:22.320 --> 01:27.580 Some geologists inform us that this earth had its origin in fire, others in water. 01:28.160 --> 01:33.880 Some contend that it will become extinct by a lack of water, a drought, others by too much 01:33.880 --> 01:40.680 water, a flood, others that the end is likely to come by fire, a burnout, others that it 01:40.680 --> 01:43.320 will be caused by intense cold, a freeze-out. 01:44.100 --> 01:48.520 They all feel sure of their opinions, and yet no two of them quite agree. 01:49.320 --> 01:55.380 Now concerning gravitation, C. Vernon Boyd in his paper, The Newtonian Constant of 01:55.380 --> 02:01.440 Gravitation says, It is a mysterious power which no man can explain, of its propagation 02:01.440 --> 02:03.680 through space all men are ignorant. 02:04.600 --> 02:09.880 This is clearly an honest and authoritative confession of astronomical ignorance of 02:09.880 --> 02:11.060 their fundamental position. 02:11.780 --> 02:17.200 Professor W. B. Carpenter in his paper, Nature and Law says, We have no proof, 02:17.200 --> 02:23.160 and in the nature of things can never get one, of the assumption of the attractive force exerted 02:23.160 --> 02:28.060 by the earth, or by any of the bodies of the solar system, upon other bodies at a distance. 02:29.000 --> 02:34.400 Newton himself strongly felt that the impossibility of rationally accounting for action at 02:34.400 --> 02:38.860 a distance through an intervening vacuum was the weakest point of his theory. 02:39.760 --> 02:43.640 The doctrine of universal gravitation, then, is a pure assumption. 02:44.540 --> 02:51.200 This absurd law, or mysterious power which no man can explain the existence of, which has never 02:51.200 --> 02:57.040 been proven, and of which its supposed operation through space all men are ignorant, amounts to 02:57.040 --> 03:03.340 nothing more or less than an empty assumption. Astronomers themselves consider that gravitation 03:03.340 --> 03:08.580 is absolutely necessary to their system, in fact the very foundation of it all. 03:08.580 --> 03:14.220 But I deny that there is any such force in existence, and will express my denial in the 03:14.220 --> 03:19.100 language of Sir Isaac Newton himself, written in a letter to his friend, Dr. Bentley, 03:19.700 --> 03:23.820 February 1692, just before the death of Newton, quote, 03:24.440 --> 03:29.160 that gravity should be innate and inherent in matter, so that one body can act upon 03:29.160 --> 03:34.920 another at a distance, is to me so great an absurdity that I think no one who has, 03:34.920 --> 03:39.980 in philosophical matters, a competent faculty of thinking can ever fall into it. 03:40.860 --> 03:47.680 I agree with Sir Isaac, for I too think it so great an absurdity that I shall never fall into it. 03:48.580 --> 03:54.280 Inertia is that property which renders a body incapable of putting itself in motion when 03:54.280 --> 03:59.820 at rest, or coming to rest when in motion. When a stationary body begins to move, 03:59.820 --> 04:04.040 or a moving body comes to rest, it is not through any power of its own, 04:04.360 --> 04:09.080 but because it is acted upon by some external agency, which is called force. 04:10.180 --> 04:15.600 That no inanimate body can put itself in motion is evident from our daily experience 04:15.600 --> 04:20.940 and observation. The rocks that we saw on Earth's surface years ago are precisely 04:20.940 --> 04:25.160 in the same place today that they were them, and there they will remain forever, 04:25.160 --> 04:32.200 unless some force removes them. A moving body gradually comes to rest when the force which 04:32.200 --> 04:38.960 put in motion ceases to act. This is also due to the resistance of the air, and not by any agency 04:38.960 --> 04:45.040 of its own. A projectile may be thrown with such force as to be borne some distance in a straight 04:45.040 --> 04:50.960 line without having its direction altered either by its weight or air resistance. But when the 04:50.960 --> 04:58.260 force is spent, its velocity diminishes and it comes to rest. Now since it requires force to act, 04:58.820 --> 05:04.600 whether that force be a pull or a push, I might inquire how did the planets ever tend to group 05:04.600 --> 05:09.560 themselves together about the Sun, or speed off into space as we are taught to believe. 05:10.380 --> 05:16.160 Do they run on their own power? Does that force reside in them? Is it inherent force? 05:16.900 --> 05:22.680 It must have some source, some origin, some place of abode. Are the planets living, 05:23.020 --> 05:28.820 organized bodies, or are they composed of dead, unorganized matter? When they left 05:28.820 --> 05:35.100 the supposed nebula mass, did they separate, move off, or drop behind on their own power, 05:35.340 --> 05:40.840 or by some other force? Can a mass of dead matter at rest start itself into motion, 05:41.340 --> 05:47.240 or stop itself once it's in motion? Can a pebble or your penknife start or stop itself? 05:48.080 --> 05:53.880 Then if, according to the inertia of matter, and the first law of motion, a mass of dead matter, 05:54.240 --> 05:59.960 can neither start nor stop its own motion, can it pull on some other mass of matter at a distance 05:59.960 --> 06:06.100 and start that mass into motion? These are pertinent questions, which, when carefully 06:06.100 --> 06:11.560 considered, lead to the conclusion that universal gravitation is a gross delusion, 06:12.100 --> 06:18.280 a presumptuous assumption. And now, in case the planets can and do pull on the Sun, 06:18.780 --> 06:24.700 and the Sun on the planets, as we are told, how does that pulling force act? If that force 06:24.700 --> 06:29.640 does not reside in the planets, if it is not innate force, then the planets do not 06:29.640 --> 06:35.100 attract or pull on the Sun, or the Sun on the planets, and the force is not an attractive 06:35.100 --> 06:41.140 force. If, however, that force does reside in the planets, does it go out of the planets, 06:41.420 --> 06:46.380 pass across the inter-reading space between themselves and the Sun, and on reaching the Sun, 06:46.780 --> 06:51.520 does it reverse itself and come back to the planets when they pull on the Sun and vice versa? 06:52.380 --> 06:57.860 Does that force flow out from the planets to the Sun, and back again in a steady constant 06:57.860 --> 07:03.920 stream, or does it go out in impulses or waves? If so, would it not meet itself 07:03.920 --> 07:09.380 coming back, and thus interfere with its own motion, or counteract, or nullify itself? 07:10.220 --> 07:15.820 But does force ever reverse itself and return to its own source? Does force act that way? 07:16.740 --> 07:22.180 How often can you explode a stick of dynamite? What becomes of the force when dynamite is 07:22.180 --> 07:28.620 exploded? Does it return and concentrate itself in its original source, ready for subsequent action? 07:29.500 --> 07:35.820 Does force push or pull when it leaves its source? Does dynamite accomplish the purpose for which 07:35.820 --> 07:42.400 it is used by a push or a pull? What is your answer? But is not force exhausted and wasted 07:42.400 --> 07:47.960 when it leaves its source or center instead of returning to that center? It is utterly 07:47.960 --> 07:53.380 impossible then for the planets to attract or pull on the Sun, or the Sun on the planets, 07:53.380 --> 07:59.140 or on anything else, because force never reverses itself and returns to its own source, 07:59.540 --> 08:05.540 thus pulling on some object at a distance. On the contrary, when force acts and passes 08:05.540 --> 08:11.160 away from its source, no matter what that force may be, it radiates in all directions from that 08:11.160 --> 08:17.240 source, and the farther it goes, the weaker it becomes, until it is finally entirely exhausted. 08:17.920 --> 08:25.120 Force then exhausts itself. It spends its strength in its action. It wastes its own power or energy 08:25.120 --> 08:30.580 in moving away from its source. Furthermore, when force is exerted and reaches an object, 08:31.040 --> 08:35.940 if that force is strong enough to move the object, it would push on the object and drive it 08:35.940 --> 08:40.440 farther and farther away from its source, instead of pulling the object towards itself. 08:41.140 --> 08:46.740 Force pushes. It is repulsive, not attractive. Hence, we have here 08:47.420 --> 08:53.160 incontrovertible proof in the exhaustive energy of force that gravity is an absurd assumption, 08:53.680 --> 08:59.560 a scientific myth. If there is such a force as gravitation, as taught by our astronomers, 09:00.100 --> 09:04.560 then the action of that force violates the law of all other known forces. 09:05.300 --> 09:11.240 Now the action of all known force is eccentric, expansive, outward, that is repulsive. 09:11.980 --> 09:18.420 This, of course, is the direct opposite to attraction. The force of dynamite, powder, steam, 09:18.800 --> 09:26.420 heat, electricity, gas, air, water, lightning, mineral, vegetable, and animal oils, and all 09:26.420 --> 09:31.660 combustible and explosive materials and elements are all eccentric, outwards, 09:31.660 --> 09:36.180 and therefore repulsive and not concentric or attractive forces. 09:36.880 --> 09:44.560 Repulsion is not attraction. All these forces are exerted eccentricly. They operate outwardly from 09:44.560 --> 09:50.600 their centers or sources. So then, if matter exerted any force at all, it would be eccentric, 09:51.040 --> 09:56.700 repulsive, instead of concentric or attractive, and bodies would be driven apart instead of 09:56.700 --> 10:02.960 towards each other. Now we know from experience and observation that the action of all force is 10:02.960 --> 10:10.360 expansive, outward, repulsive. Dynamite rips up the earth, steam bursts the boiler, powder speeds 10:10.360 --> 10:16.940 the bullet, lightning splits the tree, electricity runs the dynamo, wind topples over buildings 10:16.940 --> 10:22.700 and devastates, water breaks the dam and inundates. It is only by some intelligent 10:22.700 --> 10:28.220 and mechanical device that force can be made to pull or draw objects concentrically. 10:29.140 --> 10:34.600 The hand may reach out and draw objects inwardly, but even then the pull is a push. 10:35.420 --> 10:42.000 This is the nature of force. Force pushes. It is repulsive, not attractive. The wheels that 10:42.000 --> 10:47.000 speed along our highways and run our factories of industry exert a repelling force. 10:47.680 --> 10:53.100 All rotary movement, like a wheel in motion, whether it be a water wheel or a mill wheel, 10:53.600 --> 10:58.540 all exerts a repulsive outward force. The grindstone that sharpens our tools, 10:59.080 --> 11:04.240 throwing off the water, exerts such a force, and so would this earth if it were in motion, 11:04.740 --> 11:11.060 a revolving globe, nothing would remain on its surface. Even a magnet does not draw a needle 11:11.060 --> 11:16.380 towards it. The needle, or a piece of soft iron, when brought within the magnetic current, 11:16.860 --> 11:22.300 which enters into and flows through the magnet, is pushed or impelled towards it. But the other 11:22.300 --> 11:27.240 pole of the magnet will repel the needle because the current comes out at the negative end, 11:27.800 --> 11:32.160 so that there is quite as much evidence in the action of the magnet for repulsion 11:32.160 --> 11:38.900 as for attraction, but magnetic currents account for both. So then, if gravitation exists, 11:38.900 --> 11:43.460 the nature of that force must be similar to the nature of all other known forces, 11:43.880 --> 11:48.340 which are eccentric, repulsive, expansive, and not concentric or attractive. 11:49.300 --> 11:55.160 Now, since all known force is expansive, repulsive outward, if there is such a force as gravitation, 11:55.540 --> 12:01.580 it must, by the law of analogy, be like all other forces, and therefore it would be a repulsive 12:01.580 --> 12:07.840 and not an attractive force. Therefore, we have conclusive evidence, by a knowledge of all known 12:07.840 --> 12:14.260 forces, that the supposed law of universal gravitation is an unproved and unprovable assumption. 12:15.280 --> 12:22.120 My next proposition is that equal mass balances equal mass, and equal force exhausts the strength 12:22.120 --> 12:28.280 of equal opposing forces. Every mass of matter, whether smooth or rough, regular or irregular, 12:29.000 --> 12:33.260 must have within itself a center of gravity, according to this universal law, 12:33.260 --> 12:38.180 or scientific principles of physics. The center is that pivot about which 12:38.180 --> 12:44.420 all its parts are balanced. The center of gravity is nothing more than the center of weight. Each mass 12:44.420 --> 12:50.440 retains its own weight, but inherent weight is a very different thing from extraneous gravitation, 12:50.700 --> 12:56.840 or a pull from something outside a body. When a body is of uniform density, its center of 12:56.840 --> 13:02.680 gravity coincides with its center of magnitude. When one part of a body is heavier than another, 13:02.680 --> 13:08.740 the center of gravity is shifted, and lies nearer the heavier part. Take a wheel, for instance, 13:09.180 --> 13:14.720 of uniform density. Both the center of motion and the center of gravity correspond with the 13:14.720 --> 13:20.000 center of magnitude. But let the same wheel, with its two lower spokes, be made of lead, 13:20.420 --> 13:25.620 while the center of magnitude and motion remain. The center of gravity has fallen or changed. 13:26.520 --> 13:30.800 Those who have made a study of natural philosophy or physics are familiar with these laws. 13:31.440 --> 13:37.640 When two bodies, say lead balls, of equal weight are connected by a rod, the center of gravity 13:37.640 --> 13:42.680 will be in the center of the rod. They will balance each other when placed at equal distance 13:42.680 --> 13:48.480 from the fulcrum. They are then said to be in equilibrium. But when two bodies of unequal 13:48.480 --> 13:53.600 weight are so connected, the center of gravity will no longer be at equal distance from the 13:53.600 --> 13:58.860 pivot, but will be nearer the heavier one. This same principle is illustrated by the 13:58.860 --> 14:03.800 teeter board balanced on a bench, or by the common balance or scales used for weighing. 14:04.600 --> 14:10.680 The balance weighs correctly only when the arms of the beam are exactly equal. The weight of one 14:10.680 --> 14:15.780 exactly balances the weight of the other, so that the one side could not lift a pound more 14:15.780 --> 14:21.120 than the other without destroying the equilibrium or throwing them out of balance. In other words, 14:21.440 --> 14:27.440 we have mass acting against mass, equal weight working against equal weight, and equal force 14:27.440 --> 14:33.420 pitted against equal force. And just that instance, either side exerts a greater weight, 14:33.820 --> 14:40.200 force or strength than the opposite side, the law of equality is violated and it becomes unequal. 14:40.960 --> 14:46.660 The weight of one is all employed in balancing up the other, and all the weight, force, power, 14:47.040 --> 14:53.000 pull or gravity exerted by one is exhausted in neutralizing that of the other, so that 14:53.000 --> 14:59.160 neither body could attract or exert a force on anything beyond an equal mass or outside its 14:59.160 --> 15:06.400 own circumference. Two boats of equal weight, A and B, are connected with a rope. A man in A 15:06.400 --> 15:12.540 pulls the rope, action and reaction being equal, not only would the boat B move towards him, 15:12.900 --> 15:17.320 but the boat A, which he is in, will move with the same velocity towards B. 15:17.320 --> 15:22.500 If another boat were attached at either end, the law of equality would be destroyed, 15:22.840 --> 15:27.860 and they would not move the same velocity towards each other. Hitch two horses together 15:27.860 --> 15:33.340 of equal strength, and let them pull against each other. Where will they move to? Will not 15:33.340 --> 15:38.380 each one exhaust all his strength on his opponent and not move him? Then how could 15:38.380 --> 15:44.160 they pull on some other object at the same time? This may represent the supposed globe 15:44.160 --> 15:48.540 cut into sections, the center of which is called the center of its gravity. 15:49.320 --> 15:54.880 Gravity is said to act towards the center of the mass, so on the principle of the balance, 15:55.340 --> 16:01.220 section A and section B, and all the sections of the sphere for that matter, exhaust all their 16:01.220 --> 16:08.120 force, power or pull, on their opposite sections, the center being the pivot on which the whole 16:08.120 --> 16:15.140 mass is balanced. So then, section A cannot reach out and pull C towards itself, because it exhausts 16:15.140 --> 16:21.620 all its force on B, an equal mass of the opposite side of the pivot, the center, and B cannot 16:21.620 --> 16:27.900 reach out and pull D towards itself, because all its force is exhausted on A, an equal mass on 16:27.900 --> 16:34.200 the opposite side of the pivotal center of the greater mass. Remember, mass A equals mass B, 16:34.200 --> 16:40.540 therefore the attraction of mass A must equal the attraction of mass B, and so neutralize it. 16:41.140 --> 16:47.380 If A can pull B towards itself, and more too, then B is not equal to A, and the law of equality 16:47.380 --> 16:52.140 would be destroyed, and it would no longer maintain its equilibrium, and thus would become 16:52.140 --> 16:58.520 unbalanced. Every mass must have a pivotal center, and cannot act beyond its own circumference. 16:59.040 --> 17:04.680 Of course, this refers to dead, unorganized matter, and not to living beings. Therefore, 17:05.120 --> 17:11.060 it is utterly impossible for any sun, planets, globe, or mass of matter to exert the power of 17:11.060 --> 17:15.980 attraction outside of its own circumference, because every particle of matter in that mass 17:15.980 --> 17:20.580 has its equal, neutralizing force on the opposite side of the center of the mass. 17:21.180 --> 17:26.460 There can be no center without equal masses in opposition. Matter could only exist in the 17:26.460 --> 17:31.000 aggregate, and never in the segregate, if this law of universal gravity were true. 17:31.860 --> 17:37.440 To separate them is impossible. Here, then, we have demonstrative and scientific proof 17:37.440 --> 17:42.440 that universal gravitation is an unfounded assumption, a universal fake. 17:43.440 --> 17:48.520 The sun is said to be the center of universal gravitation, and the greatest of all bodies 17:48.520 --> 17:54.120 in the known universe possessing gravitation. But, on the principle already propounded in 17:54.120 --> 17:59.480 the foregoing proposition, the sun, being a hot body, could not possess the power of gravitation. 18:00.280 --> 18:05.900 Heat is expansive. It is eccentric. It is repulsive. Consider the following quotation, 18:06.380 --> 18:10.440 and estimate how much gravity is possessed by a body of so great heat. 18:11.160 --> 18:15.840 The sun is a fiery ball one million three hundred thousand times larger than our earth, 18:16.140 --> 18:21.500 and several thousand times hotter than the most powerful electric furnace. The sun is pouring 18:21.500 --> 18:26.480 forth enough heat every second to melt a column of ice two and a half miles square, 18:27.040 --> 18:31.600 reaching from the earth to the sun, and in eight seconds of time it could turn the column 18:31.600 --> 18:37.380 from solid ice to steam. Some heat. Strange we ever had a glacial period, 18:37.720 --> 18:41.460 if the sun melted the ice formation of that period, it could have prevented it, 18:41.840 --> 18:47.140 therefore never existed. Just figure out, if you can, how much attraction of gravity 18:47.140 --> 18:53.280 a body of such immense heat would have. Do not our scientists know that they teach that it was 18:53.280 --> 18:58.860 that eccentric outward repulsive force of the nebulous mass, a portion of which it is claimed 18:58.860 --> 19:04.380 still composes the sun, which originally threw off the earth and the planets? Then was it not 19:04.380 --> 19:09.560 the repulsive force of heat that threw them off? And now they would have us believe that 19:09.560 --> 19:15.180 same force which formerly repulsed is that force that attracts. Strange philosophy. 19:15.620 --> 19:21.540 But what reversed its action? Is repulsion attraction? And on the principle of the repulsive 19:21.540 --> 19:27.480 energy of heat, how much attraction would the most powerful electric furnace exert on a fly, 19:27.900 --> 19:32.680 a wild goose, or an airship? And on this same principle of the repulsion of heat, 19:33.100 --> 19:37.840 how great would the gravity of this earth, with its supposed hut and molten interior, 19:38.320 --> 19:43.340 having only a thin shell or crust surrounding this molten matter, so thin that it frequently 19:43.340 --> 19:49.120 bursts through in volcanic eruption? On this principle of the expansion and radiation of heat, 19:49.420 --> 19:54.980 it is positively certain that neither the sun, an alleged fiery nebulous seething mass, 19:55.480 --> 20:00.820 nor the supposed molten interior of the globe, would ever tend to draw anything towards its 20:00.820 --> 20:06.500 center or towards itself. Is it not the repulsive and expansive force of the sun's heat that 20:06.500 --> 20:10.800 affects the temperature of the air, land, and sea, producing atmospheric changes, 20:10.800 --> 20:17.760 air currents, ocean streams, and land conditions, or change of seasons, melting ice, bursting buds, 20:18.140 --> 20:23.780 and generating warmth and light? The sun, then, being a hot body, is not an attractive force. 20:24.380 --> 20:29.880 Hence there is no universal law of gravitation. And so clear is this, that I state again, 20:30.240 --> 20:35.480 that universal gravitation is a universal fake, because it is an unfounded assumption. 20:36.440 --> 20:41.540 Our present Newtonian-Coprenican system teaches that the earth we inhabit is a planet, 20:41.980 --> 20:46.440 a very subordinate rank, that it is dashing and spinning about through space, 20:46.820 --> 20:52.660 rotating on its axis, equatorial motion, at the brain-reeling rate of 17 miles per minute, 20:53.080 --> 20:58.700 and that it is also moving in an ellipse or orbit 18 miles per second, describing annually 20:58.700 --> 21:05.500 a circuit around the sun of about 600 million miles, breaking all speed limits and speed records. 21:06.400 --> 21:11.780 The sun, at the same time we are told, moves through space at a rate of 10 miles per second, 21:12.180 --> 21:17.940 around some mysterious center of gravitation. Which center of gravitation must again revolve 21:17.940 --> 21:23.020 around some other center of gravitation, still more mysterious, and so on indefinitely, 21:23.020 --> 21:27.160 because the law of universal gravitation knows no rest. 21:27.960 --> 21:33.840 Now, let a force, it matters not what kind of force, it may be a wind force, a steam force, 21:34.180 --> 21:40.080 a dynamic force, an electric force, or the force of gravity. Whether it be a pull or a push strong 21:40.080 --> 21:45.780 enough to move this vast earth, either on its axis or in its ellipse, pass over its surface 21:45.780 --> 21:52.120 at such a terrific speed and note the result, it would be disastrous. If it were a pushing 21:52.120 --> 21:57.880 force, everything would be crushed and driven into sea and earth. If it were a pulling force, 21:58.340 --> 22:02.580 everything would be lifted, bodily off the sea and earth, and in either case, 22:02.920 --> 22:08.080 the whole face of the earth would be devastated. Since motion creates friction, and friction 22:08.080 --> 22:13.080 produces heat, if this earth so vast were dashing and spinning so many different ways 22:13.080 --> 22:18.320 through space, faster than any bullet, which speeding through space is often disfigured, 22:18.320 --> 22:23.340 or even faster than lightning speed, the friction set up by air resistance would 22:23.340 --> 22:28.820 cause it to disintegrate or burn up. According to Duncan's astronomy, page 260, 22:29.580 --> 22:34.560 the average velocity of meteors is about 26 miles a second, and at this speed, 22:34.840 --> 22:40.620 most of the meteors burn up completely, only a few comparatively ever reach the earth and are 22:40.620 --> 22:45.680 found. Now, the speed of a meteor is only one eighth of the alleged speed of the earth, 22:45.680 --> 22:51.680 yet the earth does not burn up or even warm up from that cause. But the sun is not only pulling 22:51.680 --> 22:58.960 the earth, but the earth is attracting too. But the sun, being 1,300,000 times larger than the earth, 22:59.260 --> 23:04.100 is therefore that many times stronger than the earth, and therefore is doing the most of the 23:04.100 --> 23:08.780 pulling. The greater pull of the sun must overcome the weaker pull of the earth, 23:09.160 --> 23:13.760 even though the earth resisted, like a boy pulling in his kite, or a fisherman pulling 23:13.760 --> 23:19.320 in a fish. But the earth is constantly pulling the sun towards itself, or itself towards the sun, 23:19.740 --> 23:24.660 and does not resist, so that if gravity pulls, when the sun got the earth started, 23:25.020 --> 23:29.220 it would draw the earth to itself. But if it pushes, it would drive the earth 23:29.220 --> 23:33.300 farther and farther away from the sun all the time, so that in either case, 23:33.640 --> 23:39.980 it would result in utter destruction or total loss. A very gentle wind moves light objects, 23:39.980 --> 23:45.780 but no windstorm, hurricane, cyclone strong enough to move this earth has ever been known. 23:46.660 --> 23:51.080 There have been horrible earthquakes, which have swallowed up cities, destroying thousands 23:51.080 --> 23:57.420 of lives, and damaging property. Fierce storms have raged, hurricanes and cyclones have devastated, 23:57.940 --> 24:03.220 and terrible explosions of dynamite, nitroglycerin, gas, and other explosions have occurred, 24:03.560 --> 24:07.860 causing the loss of life and property. But none of these have shaken the earth, 24:07.860 --> 24:13.200 or moved it out of its place. These disasters were caused by the force of these destructive 24:13.200 --> 24:18.760 agencies. What, then, would be the result of a force of gravity passing over the surface of 24:18.760 --> 24:23.580 this earth, if that force is great enough to move and actually does move this earth, 24:23.880 --> 24:28.040 at the terrific rate we are told. We feel the force of the slightest wind, 24:28.340 --> 24:32.980 but we do not feel this force of gravity. We know the destructive power of these other 24:32.980 --> 24:38.680 forces, but as there are no such disastrous effects experienced, we can but logically conclude 24:38.680 --> 24:45.320 that there is no such cause or force as gravitation. The astronomers tell us that all bodies have a 24:45.320 --> 24:50.480 tendency to rush together into one mass, and this tendency, which brings them together, 24:50.700 --> 24:56.520 we are told, is this law or force of gravitation. One writer goes so far as to inform us that 24:56.520 --> 25:01.540 the planets are, quote, anxious to all rush together, and that the nearer they approach 25:01.540 --> 25:08.280 to each other, the greater their anxiety becomes, so that at least it is twofold. But we might ask, 25:08.680 --> 25:14.340 why do they not all rush together into one mass, since nothing lies between them but empty space? 25:15.180 --> 25:20.300 Bees swarm or all rush together whenever they have the tendency to make the attempt, 25:20.840 --> 25:25.100 and what is there to hinder them from doing so? For there is nothing between them but empty 25:25.100 --> 25:31.680 space, exactly as it is with the planets. And this tendency, this anxiety to rush together, 25:31.840 --> 25:37.420 we are told, is constant and persistent. Therefore the planets are always making a constant and 25:37.420 --> 25:42.340 persistent attempt to rush together. How is it then that they cannot accomplish their purpose? 25:43.160 --> 25:46.780 It is a foolish attempt for the astronomers to invent another force, 25:47.160 --> 25:51.060 which they call centrifugal force, to hinder the planets embracing one another. 25:51.660 --> 25:57.440 Just think of it, nothing between you and your wife but empty space. She anxiously, constantly, 25:58.060 --> 26:03.140 persistently tending to rush to you, and you attracting, pulling her with a force directly 26:03.140 --> 26:09.140 proportioned to the mass of your attractive personality, and still a persistent repulsive force 26:09.140 --> 26:15.160 forever preventing her embracing you. Well, this is some science, some profound philosophy, 26:15.720 --> 26:20.380 and mind you, that pull of yours, together with her persistent tendency to rush to you, 26:20.380 --> 26:26.580 is what prevents her from rushing off into space. So there she stands, poor thing, a pity, 26:26.920 --> 26:31.960 some way cannot be devised whereby bodies attracted and pulled and tending to rush together 26:31.960 --> 26:38.480 may be enabled to do so. Here then, we have an attractive force, constantly and persistently 26:38.480 --> 26:43.820 pulling everything inwardly towards everything, and another force just so constantly and 26:43.820 --> 26:48.720 persistently pushing everything outwardly away from itself. And if these two forces, 26:49.300 --> 26:54.700 centripetal and centrifugal, are not equal, if the inward pull is stronger than the outward push, 26:55.200 --> 26:59.820 if attraction is greater than repulsion, the stronger force must overcome the weaker, 27:00.320 --> 27:05.940 and all these bodies would be drawn into one mass. But if the centrifugal force, or repulsion, 27:06.300 --> 27:10.320 is stronger than attraction, then all would be driven farther and farther apart. 27:10.900 --> 27:15.960 And in this two-force position, we have a positive violation of the dictum of the scientist, 27:15.960 --> 27:22.240 when they tell us that nature is not superfluous. When only one thing is needed, she does not use 27:22.240 --> 27:28.780 two. But in this case, nature is not only superfluous, but she is superfluously superfluous, 27:28.940 --> 27:35.060 because she is here using two forces where none is needed. If it was intended by God or nature, 27:35.400 --> 27:40.620 that a body should stand still, why should a force be set in action on that body to pull 27:40.620 --> 27:47.280 it up, and an equal force to act in an opposite direction to keep it down? It is a monstrous absurdity. 27:47.860 --> 27:51.820 If the heavenly bodies out there in space are all pulling on each other now, 27:52.300 --> 27:57.820 then why in the name of the commonest kind of common sense do they not all drift into one vast 27:57.820 --> 28:04.380 mass? The conclusion is absolutely unavoidable, that if gravitation existed, all these bodies 28:04.380 --> 28:09.360 would rush together, and that it would have been accomplished long ago. Furthermore, 28:09.360 --> 28:14.500 if this attraction exists in matter now, it must have always existed in matter. 28:15.120 --> 28:19.120 Then it existed in the nebulous mass which originally composed the universe. 28:20.020 --> 28:25.120 If equal now, it must have been equal then. Hence the planets never left their primitive 28:25.120 --> 28:30.980 nebulous mass. Then there are no planets. All these bodies never would have been separated 28:30.980 --> 28:36.340 by empty space from their primitive nebulous mass. If all matter and all atoms of matter 28:36.340 --> 28:42.240 have this constant, persistent, and everlasting pull, matter could only exist in the aggregate, 28:42.620 --> 28:47.540 or in the one vast mass, and never in the segregate, or in individual bodies. 28:48.320 --> 28:54.840 So then, since we know that all force is eccentric, outward, repulsive, and not concentric or attractive, 28:55.480 --> 29:00.180 and since we know that no such condition as described above has obtained and never will 29:00.180 --> 29:05.760 obtain, therefore we know that there is no such constant, persistent, powerful tendency, 29:06.260 --> 29:11.760 or attempt, and universal gravitation is a scientific myth, a universal fake. 29:12.680 --> 29:18.300 We are told that the planets once did all rush off into space from their primitive nebulous mass. 29:19.080 --> 29:24.920 Something stopped them in their mad rush. That something was gravity. It was the attraction 29:24.920 --> 29:30.980 or pull of the sun that stopped them. The sun is working overtime in a mighty effort to prevent 29:30.980 --> 29:36.840 the planets from rushing off into space. This hard work of the sun is no doubt what keeps 29:36.840 --> 29:43.360 him so hot and red-faced. Now it requires more force to start a body at rest than it does to 29:43.360 --> 29:49.320 keep it in motion after it is once started. Hence if the sun's centrifugal force exceeds 29:49.320 --> 29:53.900 its attractive force when the planets were once started they would have rushed off forever 29:53.900 --> 30:01.480 into space. A moving body is a resisting body. It takes more power or force to stop a body in motion 30:01.480 --> 30:07.880 than it does to start a body at rest. Therefore if the sun continued to exert the same force on the 30:07.880 --> 30:13.440 planets after it got them stopped that it did to stop them they would be drawn back again to the 30:13.440 --> 30:19.160 sun. But if centripetal and centrifugal forces are equal then the planets are at a dead stand 30:19.160 --> 30:27.040 still. For equal opposing forces prevent motion. Try it and see. Now this principle is illustrated by 30:27.040 --> 30:33.020 the philosopher's third law of motion. Action is said to be the force which one body exerts on 30:33.020 --> 30:39.720 another subjected to its operation. Reaction is the counter force which the body acted upon exerts 30:39.720 --> 30:45.620 upon the body acting. Reaction then is always equal to the action and opposite to it in direction. 30:46.400 --> 30:52.200 So then we try to push a cart up an incline and we feel the reaction in the resistance it offers 30:52.200 --> 30:58.620 and the force of its weight. A boatman pulls on his oars against the water. The water reacts 30:58.620 --> 31:04.840 and drives his boat in the opposite direction. A bird when flying strikes the air downward 31:04.840 --> 31:11.360 with the wings. The air reacts and supports the bird. Reaction often nullifies action. 31:12.160 --> 31:19.420 Take two balls of equal size and weight suspended by a string. Throw A against B with a definite force 31:19.420 --> 31:25.300 and a definite result will be produced. If A met with no resistance it would rise to about the 31:25.300 --> 31:31.340 same height on the opposite side. But encountering B it imparts to it a portion of its motion 31:31.340 --> 31:36.160 and both move on together though only half as far as A would have gone alone. 31:36.900 --> 31:41.940 The reaction of B is clearly equal to the action of A for the latter loses 31:41.940 --> 31:47.980 just as much motion as the former gains. Hence the reaction of B brings A to rest. 31:48.760 --> 31:54.400 A boy in a basket tries to lift himself by pulling on the basket but the power of resistance 31:54.400 --> 32:00.300 prevents him. Action and reaction being equal or equal opposing forces preventing motion. 32:00.300 --> 32:06.800 He remains at a dead standstill. It is like an irresistible force coming in contact with an 32:06.800 --> 32:13.180 immovable body or like Eugene Field's gingham dog with the calico cat. They eat each other up. 32:13.960 --> 32:19.140 So these forces would eat each other up, neutralize themselves. If the law of gravity 32:19.140 --> 32:24.060 were true and attraction and repulsion were equal the earth would be at a dead standstill. 32:24.600 --> 32:29.220 If we could conceive of a globular body on the surface of which human beings could exist, 32:29.220 --> 32:35.220 the power, no matter by what name it be called, that would hold them on would necessarily have to 32:35.220 --> 32:41.100 be so constraining that they could not move or live. The waters of the oceans would become rigid, 32:41.480 --> 32:46.440 one solid mass. Everything would be stationary, for motion would be impossible. 32:47.280 --> 32:53.000 But since we not only exist but live and move and the waters of the seas skip and dance 32:53.000 --> 32:58.780 like a thing of life it is a stunning rebuke against such a theory and a reasonable argument 32:58.780 --> 33:05.240 that the supposed law of gravity is a delusion, a snare. Our astronomers tell us that it is 33:05.240 --> 33:10.500 the attraction or pull of the sun and moon on the water that causes the tides. High tide 33:10.500 --> 33:15.580 occurring at the time of the new moon when both the sun and moon are on the same side of the 33:15.580 --> 33:22.020 earth and both pulling together. But strange to relate they never get any nearer for after 33:22.020 --> 33:27.360 three or four hours pull the moon becomes tired and drops the tides all together and 33:27.360 --> 33:34.180 lets them go back again to their original level. David Neald in The Earth A Globe compares gravitation 33:34.180 --> 33:40.220 to animal love which draws the sexes together. But sexual attraction actually draws together 33:40.220 --> 33:45.160 its objects while the globe has been pulling at the moon and the moon has been pulling back 33:45.160 --> 33:49.440 at the globe for thousands of years that they have not succeeded in coming together. 33:50.020 --> 33:53.340 It must be a case of a very long and cold courtship. 33:54.040 --> 34:00.520 1. It is worthy of note that a high tide occurred also at the time of full moon when the moon has 34:00.520 --> 34:04.720 passed to the opposite side of the earth from the sun when the two bodies are pulling in 34:04.720 --> 34:09.960 opposite directions. This fact shows that it cannot be the combined effort or pull of both 34:09.960 --> 34:16.860 sun and moon that produces tides. 2. If gravity is so powerful as to actually lift 34:16.860 --> 34:21.960 this vast earth and move it about in so many different ways and pull its waters into heaps 34:21.960 --> 34:28.100 causing tides why can it not lift a man or a feather off the earth or any other object not 34:28.100 --> 34:34.200 attached to the earth when coming directly under the sun and moon. If any other force wind for 34:34.200 --> 34:38.920 instance cannon does move small and light objects before moving a large and heavy one 34:38.920 --> 34:43.860 then how is it that gravity works right the opposite and moves this vast earth 34:43.860 --> 34:49.260 before lifting smaller bodies that are not attached to it. This is a plain proof that 34:49.260 --> 34:53.220 the so-called gravity of the sun or moon has no relation to the tides. 34:53.960 --> 35:00.320 3. If it were true that gravity caused the tides pulling the water of the ocean up from 35:00.320 --> 35:06.320 50 to 100 feet high in places and dashing it against the shores would not tides be seen 35:06.320 --> 35:12.440 and felt in ponds and lakes and inland seas. It is a stated fact that there are no tides 35:12.440 --> 35:17.880 in the Mediterranean Sea. Why should not the force of gravity be felt on that vast area 35:17.880 --> 35:23.660 of one million square miles? What is it that hinders the moon from getting a grip on that sea? 35:24.380 --> 35:29.060 Is it too fresh or too salty? Why are there no tides in the great lakes of America? 35:30.000 --> 35:34.580 Since fresh water is lighter than salt why then does not gravity pull in the waters 35:34.580 --> 35:40.460 of these great lakes and cause tides? Surely if the moon has such a powerful pull on the ocean 35:40.460 --> 35:45.500 as to cause tides it would also produce tides in these lakes and others as well. 35:46.180 --> 35:51.920 As many large inland seas and lakes have no tides at all the moon manifests like her sex 35:51.920 --> 35:56.720 some remarkable preferences which quite upset ordinary theories and calculations. 35:57.760 --> 36:03.740 We are told by Sir Richard Phillips that the tide never ebbs and flows beyond 40 miles from land. 36:04.360 --> 36:09.580 In this case the moon must become very weak in her pulling power when she is over mid ocean. 36:10.300 --> 36:14.660 These facts go to show that there is no connection between the moon and the tides. 36:15.500 --> 36:18.620 Tide is the relative change of level between land and water. 36:19.420 --> 36:24.560 Upon investigation we find that the tides are highest at the north and the farther south we go 36:24.560 --> 36:30.520 the lower the tides until we find no tides at all. Then again there are several places on 36:30.520 --> 36:36.100 the seacoasts of the earth where four tides occur daily. This is another fact which these 36:36.100 --> 36:41.800 theoretical scientists avoid dealing with and which equally disproves the gravitational theory. 36:42.580 --> 36:48.700 4. If it is the pull of the moon that causes high tides or any tide at all for that matter 36:48.700 --> 36:54.880 it certainly follows that high tide would be on any given meridian or always directly under 36:54.880 --> 37:01.020 or following the path of the moon. But a score of instances might easily be found where tables 37:01.020 --> 37:06.500 give the time of high water for different places showing that those times do not correspond as 37:06.500 --> 37:12.180 they ought to with the southing of the moon. High tides are not regular everywhere and are not the 37:12.180 --> 37:18.240 same rise and fall. For instance the average rise and fall of tides in New York are four feet five 37:18.240 --> 37:24.340 inches. Philadelphia five feet four inches. Boston, Massachusetts nine feet seven inches. 37:24.960 --> 37:34.500 Seattle, Washington eleven feet four inches. Balboa Panama twelve feet six inches. East 37:34.500 --> 37:41.400 in Texas eighteen feet. New Orleans Louisiana none. We need not appeal to an attraction of the 37:41.400 --> 37:47.780 moon or sun to explain the tides. One writer relates two instances. Grimsby England on the 37:47.780 --> 37:52.780 meridian of Greenwich has high water at five hours thirty six minutes after the new moon 37:52.780 --> 37:57.980 has crossed the meridian when both sun and moon would generally be near setting on the western 37:57.980 --> 38:04.500 side. Haver in France on the same meridian has high water nine hours eighteen minutes after 38:04.500 --> 38:10.480 both luminaries have crossed the same meridian and in fact after they have set. Hence when the moon 38:10.480 --> 38:17.860 goes down the tide rises up in defiance of theories. Sir Robert Ball in his book Time and Tide 38:17.860 --> 38:23.380 A Romance of the Moon tells us that in some ports it is high tide when the moon is on 38:23.380 --> 38:28.540 the meridian of that place but in some other places it is low water directly under the moon 38:28.540 --> 38:34.260 when the moon is on the meridian of that particular place. This is what he says quote even around 38:34.260 --> 38:39.360 our own coasts the discrepancies are such as to utterly discredit the theory of equilibrium 38:39.360 --> 38:46.040 or high tide always under the moon as offering any practical guide. At Aberdeen the high 38:46.040 --> 38:51.360 tide does not appear till an hour later than the doctrine would suggest. It is two hours late 38:51.360 --> 38:58.620 at London three at Tynemouth four at Trally five at Sligo and six at Hull. This last port 38:58.620 --> 39:03.960 would be indeed the haven or refuge for those who believe that the low tide ought to be under the 39:03.960 --> 39:09.920 moon. At Hull this is no doubt the case and if at all other places the tide behaves as it does 39:09.920 --> 39:15.820 at Hull then it might follow that the law of low water was generally true but then this would 39:15.820 --> 39:20.400 not tally with the condition of affairs at all the other places I've named and to complete 39:20.400 --> 39:26.420 the cycle I shall add a few more. At Bristol the high water does not get up until seven hours after 39:26.420 --> 39:33.440 the moon has passed the meridian at Arclo the delay is eight hours at Yarmouth it is nine at the 39:33.440 --> 39:38.800 needles it is ten hours while lastly the moon has nearly gotten back to the meridian again 39:38.800 --> 39:44.080 ere it has succeeded in dragging up the tide on which Liverpool's great commerce depends 39:44.800 --> 39:48.740 even ports on the vast ocean give a very uncertain response 39:49.640 --> 39:54.940 Curgulian islands and Santa Cruz might seem to prove that the high tide occurs under the moon 39:54.940 --> 40:00.260 but unfortunately both Fiji and Ascension seem to present us with an equally satisfactory 40:00.260 --> 40:05.860 demonstration that beneath the moon is the invariably home of low water these stubborn 40:05.860 --> 40:11.260 facts close up all controversy and show that there is no connection whatsoever between the 40:11.260 --> 40:17.380 moon and tides this is an astounding admission on the part of Sir Robert Ball and fatal to 40:17.380 --> 40:23.320 the theory of gravity and tides in a little book the earth a globe published by David Neil 40:23.900 --> 40:29.440 Wellington New Zealand is found the following statement at Tahita one of the South Pacific 40:29.440 --> 40:34.440 islands they have high tides at noon at midnight all year round without variation 40:35.140 --> 40:40.580 both Sir Robert Ball and this gentleman contend for the theory of gravity and globularity 40:40.580 --> 40:47.040 so I would interrogate does the sun and moon or the sun or moon always pass the meridian of Tahita 40:47.040 --> 40:54.380 at noon and midnight all the year round without variation the Panama Canal a distance of about 40:54.380 --> 40:59.620 50 miles is not without locks because the times of the tides in the Atlantic and Pacific 40:59.620 --> 41:06.120 oceans do not coincide on the Pacific side the tides rise several feet higher than on the Atlantic 41:06.740 --> 41:14.000 where does the pull of the moon in producing tides fit in here five let us view the situation 41:14.000 --> 41:20.200 again from another standpoint we find that our scientists tell us that our earth is 88 times 41:20.200 --> 41:25.660 the size of the moon also that the force of the sun's gravity on the earth is to the moon's 41:25.660 --> 41:32.500 gravity what 3 is to 5 that while the moon exerts five pounds or units of force on the earth the sun 41:32.500 --> 41:38.840 exerts three pounds or units then while the moon exerts one pound or units of force the sun exerts 41:38.840 --> 41:45.240 three fifths of one unit then the two together exert one and three fifths units against 88 41:45.240 --> 41:50.680 units of gravitational force exerted by the earth the earth then acts on the defensive 41:50.680 --> 41:57.680 she balances her own mass with a force of gravity of 48 against one and three fifths hence it is 41:57.680 --> 42:03.380 allowed that the earth is exerting more than 44 times the pull of the sun and moon now can anyone 42:03.380 --> 42:09.040 explain how the pull of the sun and moon can overcome more than 44 times the earth's pull 42:09.040 --> 42:15.120 and cause tides does not this prove again that the supposed pull or gravity of the sun and moon 42:15.120 --> 42:21.460 have nothing whatsoever to do with causing tides so all efforts to maintain a so-called universal 42:21.460 --> 42:29.000 law of gravity vanishes into thin air gravitation is a term derived from gravitas meaning weight 42:29.560 --> 42:34.400 but how one weight can cause another weight to come towards it by reason of its weight 42:34.400 --> 42:40.500 is a thing no thinking person can understand weight is scientifically defined as a measure 42:40.500 --> 42:46.800 of the force of gravity but weight is inherent in matter it is merely a comparison of bulk with bulk 42:46.800 --> 42:52.900 as regards density solidity and compactness there is a distinction between inherent weight 42:52.900 --> 42:58.980 and extraneous gravitation they may call it gravitation if they choose but when an apple falls 42:58.980 --> 43:03.820 to the earth it falls by its own weight when released from the branch on which it grows 43:03.820 --> 43:08.260 and not because the apple has been pulled by the earth or the earth by the apple 43:08.960 --> 43:14.620 why do objects not fall upwards gravity is supposed to act in every direction especially 43:14.620 --> 43:21.440 upwards while weight tends downwards if gravitation were strong enough to move this vast earth and make 43:21.440 --> 43:26.600 tides it certainly would pull all loose and unattached objects away from the earth before 43:26.600 --> 43:32.220 it could move the earth and so they would fall upwards objects move in the direction they are 43:32.220 --> 43:38.420 impelled or acted upon a balloon will ascend because bulk for bulk it is lighter than air 43:38.900 --> 43:44.840 it will rise to an altitude or position at which elevation it will come to rest having found its 43:44.840 --> 43:51.540 balance or equilibrium should it lose its bulk by an escape of gas it will collapse and descend 43:51.540 --> 43:56.380 to earth again for the simple reason that its weight is greater than that of the air it 43:56.380 --> 44:03.880 displaces wood floats in water while a piece of solid iron sinks because mass for mass the wood 44:03.880 --> 44:09.240 is lighter than the water it displaces whereas bulk for bulk the iron is heavier than the water 44:09.910 --> 44:15.900 the denser a body the greater its weight and recognizing this truth the scientists tell us 44:15.900 --> 44:21.860 gravity is another name for weight let a man and a horse cross a swampy stretch of ground 44:22.420 --> 44:28.100 they both will sink into the mud but the horse will sink deeper because he is heavier than the man 44:28.740 --> 44:34.440 this is said to be the measure of the force of gravity on the two bodies but in reality it is 44:34.440 --> 44:39.960 a comparison of bulk with bulk the greater bulk of the horse compared with the lesser bulk of 44:39.960 --> 44:45.880 the man displaces a greater mass of mud than the man displaces so the horse sinks deeper than 44:45.880 --> 44:51.260 the man and each sink into the mud because they present to the mud a more solid and compact 44:51.260 --> 44:56.700 mass than the mud which they displace drop a stone from a bridge into the water below 44:57.280 --> 45:02.660 the stone passes through the thin air then the more solid water into the mud below 45:02.660 --> 45:10.000 and comes to rest on the solid earth beneath the mud the solid earth is unyielding the mud 45:10.000 --> 45:17.020 more yielding the water still more so and the air most of all the earth stops the stone 45:17.020 --> 45:24.020 because it has the greatest power of resistance thus universal gravitation has been tried at the bar 45:24.020 --> 45:30.240 of reason and it has been found to be an unsupported hypothesis a gross delusion